一、Spring整合RabbitMQ
1、创建生产者工程
（1）依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
<version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>（2）配置
创建src\main\resources\properties\rabbitmq.properties`连接参数等配置文件
rabbitmq.host=主机ip地址 rabbitmq.port=5672 # 连接用户及密码 rabbitmq.username=rewind rabbitmq.password=rewind # 虚拟主机 rabbitmq.virtual-host=/rewind创建src\main\resources\spring\spring-rabbitmq.xml` 整合配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd"> <!--加载配置文件--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/> <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}" port="${rabbitmq.port}" username="${rabbitmq.username}" password="${rabbitmq.password}" virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/> <!--定义管理交换机、队列--> <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/> <!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机 默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称 --> <rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/> <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列--> <rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/> <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:fanout-exchange> <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/> <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建--> <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/> <rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:bindings> <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/> <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/> <rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/> </rabbit:bindings> </rabbit:topic-exchange> <!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息--> <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/> </beans>（3）发送消息
创建测试文件src\test\java\com\itheima\rabbitmq\ProducerTest.java
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/spring-rabbitmq.xml") public class ProducerTest { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; /** * 只发队列消息 * 默认交换机类型为 direct * 交换机的名称为空，路由键为队列的名称 */ @Test public void queueTest(){ //路由键与队列同名 rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue", "只发队列spring_queue的消息。"); } /** * 发送广播 * 交换机类型为 fanout * 绑定到该交换机的所有队列都能够收到消息 */ @Test public void fanoutTest(){ /** * 参数1：交换机名称 * 参数2：路由键名（广播设置为空） * 参数3：发送的消息内容 */ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange", "", "发送到spring_fanout_exchange交换机的广播消息"); } /** * 通配符 * 交换机类型为 topic * 匹配路由键的通配符，*表示一个单词，#表示多个单词 * 绑定到该交换机的匹配队列能够收到对应消息 */ @Test public void topicTest(){ /** * 参数1：交换机名称 * 参数2：路由键名 * 参数3：发送的消息内容 */ rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj的消息"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.1", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.1的消息"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "heima.bj.2", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机heima.bj.2的消息"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange", "itcast.cn", "发送到spring_topic_exchange交换机itcast.cn的消息"); } }2、创建消费者工程
（1）依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
src\main\resources\spring\spring-rabbitmq.xml` 整合配置文件；
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd"> <!--加载配置文件--> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:properties/rabbitmq.properties"/> <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory --> <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}" port="${rabbitmq.port}" username="${rabbitmq.username}" password="${rabbitmq.password}" virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/> <bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/> <bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/> <bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/> <bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/> <bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/> <bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.itheima.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/> <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true"> <rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/> <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/> <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/> <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/> </rabbit:listener-container> </beans>（3）消息监听器
创建com\rewind\rabbitmq\listener\SpringQueueListener.java
public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "utf-8"); System.out.printf("接收路由名称为：%s，路由键为：%s，队列名为：%s的消息：%s \n", message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedExchange(), message.getMessageProperties().getReceivedRoutingKey(), message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(), msg); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
二、Spring Boot整合RabbitMQ
在Spring项目中，可以使用Spring-Rabbit去操作RabbitMQ
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-amqp
尤其是在spring boot项目中只需要引入对应的amqp启动器依赖即可，方便的使用RabbitTemplate发送消息，使用注解接收消息。
一般在开发过程中：
生产者工程：
application.yml文件配置RabbitMQ相关信息；
在生产者工程中编写配置类，用于创建交换机和队列，并进行绑定
注入RabbitTemplate对象，通过RabbitTemplate对象发送消息到交换机
消费者工程：
application.yml文件配置RabbitMQ相关信息
创建消息处理类，用于接收队列中的消息并进行处理
1、生产者工程
（1）依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-rabbitmq-producer</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>（2）启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProducerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class);
}
}（3）配置RabbitMQ
① 配置文件application.yml
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: localhost
port: 5672
virtual-host: /rewind
username: rewind
password: rewind② 绑定交换机和队列
创建配置类com.rewind.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMQConfig
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
//交换机名称
public static final String ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "item_topic_exchange";
//队列名称
public static final String ITEM_QUEUE = "item_queue";
//声明交换机
@Bean("itemTopicExchange")
public Exchange topicExchange(){
return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();
}
//声明队列
@Bean("itemQueue")
public Queue itemQueue(){
return QueueBuilder.durable(ITEM_QUEUE).build();
}
//绑定队列和交换机
@Bean
public Binding itemQueueExchange(@Qualifier("itemQueue") Queue queue,
@Qualifier("itemTopicExchange") Exchange exchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("item.#").noargs();
}
}2、消费者工程
（1）依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-rabbitmq-consumer</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>（2）启动类，同生产者
（3）配置RabbitMQ
创建applicationyml配置文件，内容同生产者
（4）消息监听处理类
com.rewind.rabbitmq.listener.MyListener
@Component
public class MyListener {
/**
* 监听某个队列的消息
* @param message 接收到的消息
*/
@RabbitListener(queues = "item_queue")
public void myListener1(String message){
System.out.println("消费者接收到的消息为：" + message);
}
}（5）测试类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
public void test(){
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "item.insert", "商品新增，routing key 为item.insert");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "item.update", "商品修改，routing key 为item.update");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.ITEM_TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "item.delete", "商品删除，routing key 为item.delete");
}
}先运行上述测试程序（交换机和队列才能先被声明和绑定），然后启动消费者；在消费者工程springboot-rabbitmq-consumer中控制台查看是否接收到对应消息。
